******ORACLE DBA commands*******
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To get IP Address of host:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
$ Host machine_name where machine_name=hostname
Ex: Host dev41.dxx.xxx.wxxxx.com
dev41.dxx.xxx.wxxxx.com has address 10.0.8.138
To see the Current memory and SWAP usage
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
$ free
To see the current HUGE pagesize
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
grep Huge /proc/meminfo
To see the OS release version
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
cat /etc/redhat-release (For only Linux)
cat /etc/issue (General )
How to know Linux machine is 32 or 64 bit?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
# uname -m
If i386 or i686 then it is 32 bit
if x86_64 then it is 64bit
Check Kernel:
~~~~~~~~~~~~
rpm -qa --queryformat '%{installtime} (%{installtime:date}) %{n}-%{v}-%{r}\n' | sort -n | grep -e kernel-devel -e oracleasm | tail -6
Find my HP-Unix machine is 32 or 64 bit?
Method 1:
# getconf KERNEL_BITS
Method 2:
# ps -ef |grep RT
Method 3:
# file /stand/vmunix
If 64 bit it will show something like: ELF-64 executable object file
How to know Sun Solaris machine is 32 or 64 bit?
# isainfo -v
Find SGA size:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SELECT name,value/1024/1024 "SGA (MB)" FROM v$sga;
SELECT sum(value)/1024/1024 "TOTAL SGA (MB)" FROM v$sga;
Select POOL, Round(bytes/1024/1024,0) Free_Memory_In_MB From V$sgastat Where Name Like '%free memory%';
select * from v$sgainfo;
To find the no. of CPU’s in a db:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SQL > Show parameter cpu (or)
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo (see the processors) (or)
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor"|wc -l (LINUX) (or) lscpu
$ ioscan -C processor | grep processor | wc -l (HP-UX)
$ psrinfo -v|grep "Status of processor"|wc -l (SOLARIS)
$ lsdev -C|grep Process|wc -l (AIX)
Delete OS files older than ‘X’ days :
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
find /path/to/files* -mtime +5 -exec rm {} \;
Possible error (if there are Huge files): /bin/rm: Argument list too long
Sol: find /path/to/files* -mtime +5 | xargs rm
Total DATABASE info:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
select dbid, name, instance_name, host_name, created, log_mode, open_mode from v$database, v$instance;
Archive log generation on on daily basis:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
select trunc(COMPLETION_TIME,'DD') Day, thread#, round(sum(BLOCKS*BLOCK_SIZE)/1048576) MB,count(*) Archives_Generated from Gv$archived_log group by trunc(COMPLETION_TIME,'DD'),thread# order by 1;
Find what SQL’s is Currently Running:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
select session.sid, session.username, optimizer_mode, hash_value, address, cpu_time, elapsed_time, sql_text from v$sqlarea sqlarea, v$session session
where session.sql_hash_value = sqlarea.hash_value
and session.sql_address = sqlarea.address
and session.username is not null ;
To count all OBJECTS in particular Schema:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SQL>select object_type,count(*) from dba_objects where owner='SACORP' group by object_type;
OBJECT_TYPE COUNT(*)
------------------ ----------
PACKAGE BODY 4
PROCEDURE 61
VIEW 3
TABLES 24
To LIST all OBJECTS in All schemas in database:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
select owner,object_type,count(*) from dba_objects where owner in (select distinct owner from dba_segments) group by object_type,owner order by 1;
To count all OBJECTS in particular Tablespace:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
select OWNER,SEGMENT_TYPE,count(*) from DBA_SEGMENTS where TABLESPACE_NAME ='Tablespace_name' group by OWNER,SEGMENT_TYPE order by 1;
Objects created from past ‘x’ days:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SQL> select object_name, object_type from dba_objects where sysdate-created <x;
SQL > select OWNER,OBJECT_TYPE,count(*) from dba_objects where sysdate-created <x group by OWNER,OBJECT_TYPE;
How to check the last DML happened in a table
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SELECT MAX(ORA_ROWSCN) FROM yourtable_name;
select scn_to_timestamp(input from above query) from dual;
To check invalid objects:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SQL> select object_type,count(*) from dba_objects where status='INVALID' group by object_type;
To check USED & FREE space of ARCHIVELOG destination/FRA:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Archive log list
select space_limit/1024/1024/1024 maxGB,space_used/1024/1024/1024 usedGB from v$recovery_file_dest;
SELECT FILE_TYPE "Type",PERCENT_SPACE_USED "% Used",PERCENT_SPACE_RECLAIMABLE "% Reclaim",
NUMBER_OF_FILES "# Files" FROM V$FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA_USAGE;
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
REDO LOG:
Redo Logs info:
set linesize 300
column REDOLOG_FILE_NAME format a50
SELECT a.GROUP#, a.THREAD#, a.SEQUENCE#, a.ARCHIVED, a.STATUS,
b.MEMBER AS REDOLOG_FILE_NAME, (a.BYTES/1024/1024) AS SIZE_MB
FROM v$log a JOIN v$logfile b ON a.Group#=b.Group# ORDER BY a.GROUP# ASC;
Nohup
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
$ Nohup run_sql.sh indexes & (output creates as indexes.out)
$ nohup sqlplus / as sysdba @move_lob.sql &
To see MAXDATAFILE parameter in control file
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SQL> select records_total from v$controlfile_record_section where type = 'DATAFILE';
SQL> show parameter db_files;
SQL > Alter system set db_files=700 scope=both;
SQL > Create pfile from spfile; (wrong, throws an error)
SQL> create pfile=’/var/backup/corppsdb/abc.ora’ from spfile ; (right)
Copying CONTROL FILE
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We copy control file using CP command to some location it will create but we can’t open or edit
So we can copy control file using,
SQL> Alter database backup control file to trace (or)
SQL> Alter database backup control file to ‘../../..’
SQL> sho parameter NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS;
SQL > ALTER SYSTEM SET NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS=CHAR;
or
SQL > ALTER SYSTEM SET NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS=BYTE;
Create MAX EXTENTS size to unlimited
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Spool newrun.sql
SQL> select 'alter'||' '||object_type||' '||object_name||' '||'move storage (maxextents unlimited);' from dba_objects where object_type in ('TABLE','INDEX') and owner = 'SYSFC';
Set head off
set pagesize 50000
:
SQL> @newrun.sql
Total no. of USERS connected to database :
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SQL> select username, osuser from v$session where username is not null;
Or
select count(*) from v$session where username is not null and username != 'SYS';
Total connections to DB:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Set linesize 280;
select count(*),INST_ID,username,osuser,status,machine from gv$session group by INST_ID,username,osuser,status,machine order by count(*),INST_ID;
To see the udump,bdump,cdump locations in 10g :
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SQL> show parameter user_dump_dest; (similarly all)
To see the udump,bdump,cdump locations in 11g:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
$ env |grep diag
To see the last lines in logfile or Trace file :
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SQL> tail -20 alertlog(or)tracefile (to display last 20 lines)
To see Tablespace and its datafiles:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SQL> select FILE_NAME, TABLESPACE_NAME, STATUS from dba_data_files where TABLESPACE_NAME='CORP_DAT2' ;
To see all data files, Control files and redo logs including TEMP file in one query:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SQL> select name from v$datafile union select name from v$tempfile;
SQL> select name from v$controlfile;
SQL> select member from v$logfile;
While writing spool
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SQL> set echo off
SQL> set verify off
SQL> set heading off
SQL> set pagesize 5000
SQL> set feedback off
SQL> select 'alter index'||' '||INDEX_NAME||' '||'storage (maxextents 2147483645);' from user_indexes where MAX_EXTENTS is NULL;
================================================================
INDEXES:
List all indexes on a table:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Select owner, table_name, index_name, column_name FROM user_ind_columns Order by owner, table_name, column_name Where table_name=’TABLE_NAME’;
To see Tables, indexes and their Tablespace :
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
select INDEX_NAME, TABLE_NAME, TABLESPACE_NAME from user_indexes;
Moving index to another Tablespace:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
alter index <index_name> rebuild tablespace <tablespace_name>;
How to find if index is LOCAL or GLOBAL in oracle:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
select index_name, locality from all_part_indexes where table_name='tab_name’;
Find no. of objects of a user in each tablespace
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
select OWNER,SEGMENT_TYPE,TABLESPACE_NAME,count(*) from dba_segments where OWNER='DDS_DISTRIBUTE_MODE' group by OWNER,SEGMENT_TYPE,TABLESPACE_NAME;
To make index extent size to unlimited:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Alter index Ind_name rebuild online storage (MAXEXTENTS Unlimited);
Script for the same :
Spool runme.sql
Select 'alter index'||' '||INDEX_NAME||' '||'rebuild online storage(MAXEXTENTS Unlimited);' from user_indexes;
or
select 'alter index'||' '||INDEX_NAME||' '||'rebuild online storage(MAXEXTENTS Unlimited);' from user_indexes where max_extents is null;
TABLE :
Count Number of COLUMNS in a Table:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
select count(column_name) from user_tab_columns where table_name=’TABLE_NAME’;
To change table data type
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
alter table table_name modify( name varchar2(32)); (changed from 30 to 32)
Finding SIZE of a TABLE:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
select sum(BYTES)/1024/1024/1024 GB from user_segments where SEGMENT_NAME=’tab_name’;
Find LOCK on a TABLE:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
select a.session_id,a.oracle_username, a.os_user_name, b.owner "OBJECT OWNER", b.object_name,b.object_type,a.locked_mode from
(select object_id, SESSION_ID, ORACLE_USERNAME, OS_USER_NAME, LOCKED_MODE from v$locked_object) a,
(select object_id, owner, object_name,object_type from dba_objects) b where a.object_id=b.object_id
Moving Table to another Tablespace:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SQL> alter table tab_name move tablespace <new_tablespace_name>;
=======================================================================
LINUX
~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~
Sqlplus commands from LINUX: echo “sql_statement” | sqlplus –s username/passwd
Ex: echo "select count(*) from tab;" | sqlplus -s / as sysdba
COUNT(*)
----------
4740
tar -czvf name-of-archive.tar.gz /path/to/directory-or-file
z: Compress the archive with gzip. -c: Create -f : Filename
Count specific word in Linux file:
grep -o 'CREATE SEQUENCE' abc.txt | wc –l
Find command : find –name abc.sql
To see LISTENER status : $ ps -fu oracle |grep tns
To see all HOME locations : $ env | grep HOME (use CAPS)
$ env | grep ORACLE_HOME
$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
Similarly for ASM : $ env |grep ASM
To see all SID’s : $ env |grep SID
$ env |grep ORACLE_SID (for only Oracle_sid)
To see everything : $ env | grep ORACLE (use CAPS)
Ex: > env |grep ORACLE
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0.2
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=vcd04124.ute.fedex.com
ORACLE_SID=VCD04124
ORACLE_UNQNAME=VCD0412
To know which shell are we using in database : env | grep SHELL
NOTE : Use coraenv when using the C Shell and oraenv when using a Bourne, Korn or Bash shell.
Running .oraenv à . ./.oraenv
Running .profile à . .profile
Find SIZE of files/directories
$ du -sh * | sort -n (Display all sizes of files in a current path only)
$ du -sh (Displays total size of the directory where you are in)
$ df -h (shows all the used and free sizes on mount points)
df -h /var/backup (to see for a particular mount point)
$ stat (file(or)directory name) (gives the complete status(timestamp) of that file/directory)
To know how many hours I was connected to the server till today
$ ac -d (‘ac’ is an LINUX command )
To know connect time for all the users
$ ac -p
To know the connect time for a specific user (ex: basupally)
$ ac -d basupally
$ w
Gives complete info of the session connected like
16:11:34 up 54 days, 20:09, 2 users, load average: 0.29, 0.24, 0.19
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
cb858037 pts/0 199.81.99.89 15:22 34:58 0.01s 0.01s sshd: cb858037 [priv]
cb858037 pts/1 199.81.99.89 15:23 0.00s 0.01s 0.01s sshd: cb858037 [priv]
To know about any User
$ Finger userid (ex: finger cb858037)
$ chmod 777 *.log (for files)
$ chmod -R 777 /var/back/omega (giving rwx permissions to a directory OMEGA)
To Run DBCA:
$ Export DISPLAY=ipaddress:0 (ip address from cmd promptàipconfig)
Vi editor Commands
1) Replacing a word in entire file :%s/old/new/g
2) Replacing a word in single line only :s/old/new/g
3) Replacing a word in line ‘n’ :ns/old/new
4) To go to the END of a line ‘:$’ or ‘G’
5) To go to the FIRST line ‘gg’
6) To find CURRENT LINE number :.= or (ctl g -> gives line #, file name,Total lines in a file)
7) Count the word ABC in entire vi file :%s/ABC/ABC/g
8) Count a string from outside file : grep “abc efg“ file_name | wc –l
grep -c "abc efg” file_name
more /etc/profile | grep -i ulimit
9) To give numbering to each line :set nu
10) To turn off the numbering :set nonu
11) To open a file with cursor at last line vi + filename
12) To open a file with cursor at line number 25 vi +25 filename
13) To open a file with cursor at first occurrence of WORD ‘abc’ vi /abc filename
Edit multiple files at a time :
$ vi ipom.xml pom.xml ppom.xml tpom.xml
Opens 1st file(ipom)-->edit and save (:w) --> :n (to go to another next file) --> :n (go to next file) and so on
--> :N (to go to Previous file)
User Management
Find User privileges:
SQL> select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='SCHEMA_NAME';
select TABLE_NAME,PRIVILEGE,GRANTOR from dba_TAB_PRIVS where grantee='SCHEMA_NAME';
Find user roles:
SQL> select * from dba_role_privs where grantee='SCHEMA_NAME';
To see the current Active Roles of any schema, then log in into that schema and query this:
SQL> select * from session_roles;
Find privileges granted to a ROLE:
SELECT * FROM role_sys_privs where role=’ROLE_NAME’;
SELECT * FROM role_tab_privs where role=’ROLE_NAME’;
Roles Granted to a ROLE :
SELECT * FROM role_role_privs where role=’ROLE_NAME’;
Get Oracle User DDL with dbms_metadata
set long 200000 pages 0 lines 131
column meta format a121 word_wrapped
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('USER', '&&username') meta from dual;
select dbms_metadata.get_granted_ddl('OBJECT_GRANT', '&&username') meta from dual;
select dbms_metadata.get_granted_ddl('ROLE_GRANT', '&&username') meta from dual;
select dbms_metadata.get_granted_ddl('SYSTEM_GRANT', '&&username') meta from dual;
About DATABASE
How to Calculate the Size of the Database (Doc ID 1360446.1)
(Used space):
----------------
select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 GB from dba_segments;
(Free space):
---------------
select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 GB from dba_free_space;
(Total database size):
---------------------------
select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 GB from dba_data_files;
+
(Temp size):
---------------
SQL> select SUM(bytes_used)/1024/1024/1024 GBused, SUM(bytes_free)/1024/1024/1024 GBfree from v$temp_space_header;
(Or)
SELECT SUM (a.log_space + b.data_space + c.tempspace) "Total_DB_Size (G)" FROM (SELECT ROUND (SUM (BYTES/1024/1024/1024), 2) data_space FROM dba_data_files) b, (SELECT ROUND (SUM (BYTES*members/1024/1024/1024), 2) log_space FROM v$log) a, (SELECT NVL(ROUND(SUM(BYTES/1024/1024/1024),2), 0) tempspace FROM dba_temp_files) c;
DROP all USERS like name:
BEGIN
FOR i IN (
SELECT t.username
FROM DBA_USERS t
WHERE t.username LIKE 'QA_%')
LOOP
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP USER '|| i.username||' CASCADE';
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line(sqlerrm);
END;
/
Oracle server uptime:
SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR (startup_time, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') "DB Startup Time" from SYS.v_$instance;
Or $ uptime
Find all Child table FK’s for a parent PK:
select a.owner,a.table_name, a.constraint_name from sys.all_constraints a,(select owner,constraint_name from sys.all_constraints where owner = ‘OWNER’ and table_name = ‘TABLE_NAME’ and constraint_type in ('P','U')) b where a.constraint_type = 'R' and a.r_constraint_name = b.constraint_name and a.r_owner = b.owner;
Find SCHEMA size:
SELECT sum(bytes)/1024/1024 MB FROM dba_segments where owner=’owner_name’;
Tablespace used and free space:
SELECT SUBSTR (df.NAME, 1, 50) file_name, df.bytes / 1024 / 1024 allocated_mb,
((df.bytes / 1024 / 1024) - NVL (SUM (dfs.bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 0))
used_mb, NVL (SUM (dfs.bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 0) free_space_mb
FROM v$datafile df, dba_free_space dfs WHERE df.file# = dfs.file_id(+) and dfs.tablespace_name=’tablespace_name’
GROUP BY dfs.file_id, df.NAME, df.file#, df.bytes ORDER BY file_name;
Find used and free space in TABLESPACES:
select * from DBA_TABLESPACE_USAGE_METRICS;
All schema sizes in Database :
select owner, sum(bytes)/1024/1024 MB from dba_segments group by owner order by MB desc;
Find schema and its tablespace:
SQL> select USERNAME, DEFAULT_TABLESPACE from dba_users where USERNAME='SYSFMSO';
Find schema and all related tablespaces:
select owner,tablespace_name from dba_tables where owner='CVM_SCHEMA' group by owner,tablespace_name;
Finding BIGFILE tablespace in database:
select name, bigfile from v$tablespace;
Find total number of procedures in a database:
Select count(*) from dba_procedures;
To count the number of data files in a database
SQL> select count(file_name) from dba_data_files;
To find out the path to your current session’s trace file
SQL> select value from v$diag_info where name = 'Default Trace File';
Find redo size generated per day
SQL> select trunc(completion_time) rundate,count(*) logswitch ,round((sum(blocks*block_size)/1024/1024)) "REDO PER DAY (MB)" from v$archived_log group by trunc(completion_time) order by 1;
To findouts Trace file of different session:
select instance_name || ‘_ora_’ || spid || ‘.trc’ filename from v$process p, v$session s, v$instance
where p.addr = s.paddr and s.sid = 170;
Find my own SID:
select sid from v$mystat where rownum <=1;
(OR) select distinct sid from v$mystat;
To check all the spfile parameters
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER;
Startup database with pfile or spfile
SQL> CONNECT sys/password AS SYSDBA
SQL> startup pfile='<pfile location>';
Analyze all tables and indexes that are owned by the ‘ABC’ user:
execute DBMS_UTILITY.ANALYZE_SCHEMA('ABC','ESTIMATE') (before 8i DBMS_UTILITY is used)
To analyze single table
ANALYZE TABLE SCOTT.RA_INTERFACE_DISTRIBUTIONS_ALL COMPUTE STATISTICS;
CREATE OR REPLACE procedure SYS.flush_buffer_and_shared_pool
as
begin
execute immediate 'alter system flush shared_pool';
execute immediate 'alter system flush buffer_cache';
dbms_output.put_line('!!!!...Shared pool and buffer cache has been flushed successfully..!!!!');
end flush_buffer_and_shared_pool;
/
Created this procedure to do both @same time
Running the above procedure as follows:
SQL > Exec SYS.flush_buffer_and_shared_pool (from sys user)
Gather stats on the entire database...
execute dbms_stats.gather_database_stats;
exec dbms_stats.delete_database_stats;
Gather stats for a single schema...
execute dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats('SCOTT');
exec dbms_stats.delete_schema_stats('SCOTT');
(or)
exec dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname=>'USER_NAME',OPTIONS=>'GATHER AUTO');
Gather stats for a schema table...
exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('<owner>', '<table_name>');
exec dbms_stats.delete_table_stats('SCOTT', 'EMPLOYEES');
exec dbms_stats.delete_index_stats('SCOTT', 'EMPLOYEES_PK');
exec dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats( -
ownname => 'SCOTT', -
options => 'GATHER AUTO' )
Find TABLE modifications done after gathering stats
Select TABLE_NAME,INSERTS,UPDATES,DELETES,TIMESTAMP from DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS where TABLE_OWNER='SCHEMA_NAME’;
To restrict the out of a query use rownum parameter
Ex: select * from user_tables where rownum <5 ; (Displays only 4 rows)
select * from user_tables where rownum < 9; (Displays only 8 rows)
Convert SCN to Timestamp:
SQL> select scn_to_timestamp(SCN_number) from dual;
Conn / as sysdba
(if u want to run anything as DEMO user and if you don’t know the passwd then do this)
SQL> alter session set current_schema=DEMO;
SQL> select sys_context('USERENV','SESSION_USER') current_user,sys_context('USERENV','SESSION_SCHEMA') current_schema from dual;
CURRENT_USER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CURRENT_SCHEMA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SYS
DEMO
List autoextensible datafiles
SQL> Select file_name from dba_data_files where autoextensible = 'YES'
Datapump job status:
SELECT owner_name, job_name, operation, job_mode,state, attached_sessions FROM dba_datapump_jobs WHERE job_name NOT LIKE 'BIN$%' ORDER BY 1,2;
Temporary Tablespace :
Check all TEMP tablespace space in database:
SELECT A.tablespace_name tablespace, D.mb_total, SUM (A.used_blocks * D.block_size) / 1024 / 1024 mb_used, D.mb_total - SUM (A.used_blocks * D.block_size) / 1024 / 1024 mb_free
FROM v$sort_segment A, (SELECT B.name, C.block_size, SUM (C.bytes) / 1024 / 1024 mb_total
FROM v$tablespace B, v$tempfile C WHERE B.ts#= C.ts# GROUP BY B.name, C.block_size) D
WHERE A.tablespace_name = D.name GROUP by A.tablespace_name, D.mb_total
/
Checking Default Temporary tablespace:
select property_value from database_properties where property_name = 'DEFAULT_TEMP_TABLESPACE';
To see Temporary segment usage: v$tempseg_usage
To check if anyone doing sort operations:
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM v$sort_usage WHERE tablespace = 'TEMP'
LIST all Temp files;
select FILE_NAME, BYTES/1024/1024/1024 GB from dba_temp_files;
DIFFERENCES:
DBA_ views: These views are built on Data dictionary they're not available if the database is not mounted and opened.
V$ views : These views tend to run against the instance, and therefore may be available if the database is not mounted, or is not mounted and opened, depending on the nature of the view.
***DATAPUMP PARALLEL option is only available in Enterprise Edition of Oracle Database ***
-- locate Data Pump master tables:
SELECT o.status, o.object_id, o.object_type, o.owner||'.'||object_name "OWNER.OBJECT"
FROM dba_objects o, dba_datapump_jobs j WHERE o.owner=j.owner_name AND o.object_name=j.job_name AND j.job_name NOT LIKE 'BIN$%' ORDER BY 4,2;
EXCLUDE=SCHEMA:"IN\(\'SYS\',\'SYSMAN\',\'SYSTEM\',\'XDB\',\'PUBLIC\',\'OUTLN\',\'ORDSYS\',\'OLAPSYS\',\'DBSNMP\',\'APEX_030200\',\'CTXSYS\',\'EXFSYS\',\'FLOWS_FILES\',\'MDSYS\',\'ORDDATA\',\'OUTLN\'\)"
RMAN:
Full bkup:
run {
2> backup as backupset tag 'QA1_FULL' database FORMAT '/usr/mware/full_%u_%s_%p' include current controlfile PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
3> }
Rman TARGET SYS/pwd NOCATALOG debug trace=rman.trc log=’/pullpath/rman.log’
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target sys/VCOMUPP@VCOMUPPB auxiliary sys/VCOMUPP@VCOMUPSS << _END_ >> standby_6.log
RUN
{
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2;
DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE
FOR STANDBY
FROM ACTIVE DATABASE
DORECOVER
NOFILENAMECHECK;
}
exit
_END_
The following query shows the status RMAN jobs.
select OPERATION, START_TIME, END_TIME, OBJECT_TYPE, STATUS from v$RMAN_STATUS order by START_TIME;
RMAN> Delete archivelog all completed before 'SYSDATE-7';
COLD Backup:
RMAN > run {
backup full tag full_cold_backup
format ‘/var/backup/corppsdb/rman/db_t%t_s%s_p%p’
database;
}
Rman running job status :
SELECT SID, SERIAL#, CONTEXT, SOFAR,TOTALWORK, ROUND(SOFAR/TOTALWORK*100,2) "%_COMPLETE" FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS WHERE OPNAME LIKE 'RMAN%' AND OPNAME NOT LIKE '%aggregate%' AND TOTALWORK != 0 AND SOFAR <> TOTALWORK ;
Tape backup status:
select name, start_time, end_time, INPUT_TYPE,status, time_taken_display ELAPSED, compression_ratio COMPR,
input_bytes_display INB, output_bytes_display OUTB, input_bytes_per_sec_display INBPERSEC, output_bytes_per_sec_display OUTBPERSEC from V$RMAN_BACKUP_JOB_DETAILS, V$database where output_device_type = 'SBT_TAPE' order by session_stamp desc;
To see any Dictionary view use DICT view:
Example
SQL> select table_name from dict where table_name like '%BACKUP%';
DATAGUARD (STANDBY) :
select DB_UNIQUE_NAME, DATABASE_ROLE,STATUS,OPEN_MODE from v$database,v$instance;
Check standby redo logs:
select * from v$logfile where type='STANDBY';
SELECT GROUP#,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,ARCHIVED,STATUS FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;
Use the following query to confirm that Data Guard is in active mode:
SELECT 'Using Active Data Guard' ADG FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY M, V$DATABASE D WHERE M.PROCESS LIKE 'MRP%' AND D.OPEN_MODE='READ ONLY';
ADG
-----------------------
Using Active Data Guard
no rows selected ----> then Active Data Guard is not enabled
To determine if Redo Apply has recovered all redo that has been received from the
primary, query the V$DATAGUARD_STATS view.
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$DATAGUARD_STATS WHERE NAME=’apply lag’;
To see if the MRP is running or not
SQL> SELECT PROCESS, STATUS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;
To start Redo Apply, issue the following statement:
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
To stop recovery of a standby database:
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
On primary:
SELECT THREAD# "Thread",SEQUENCE# "Last Sequence Generated" FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG WHERE (THREAD#,FIRST_TIME ) IN (SELECT THREAD#,MAX(FIRST_TIME) FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG GROUP BY THREAD#) ORDER BY 1;
On Standby:
set line 280
SELECT name "Database name", STATUS "MRP process",ARCH.THREAD# "Thread", ARCH.SEQUENCE# "Last Sequence Received", APPL.SEQUENCE# "Last Sequence Applied", (ARCH.SEQUENCE# - APPL.SEQUENCE#) "Difference" FROM (select name from v$database) name,(SELECT STATUS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY where process like '%MRP%') process,(SELECT THREAD# ,SEQUENCE# FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG WHERE (THREAD#,FIRST_TIME ) IN (SELECT THREAD#,MAX(FIRST_TIME) FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG GROUP BY THREAD#)) ARCH, (SELECT THREAD# ,SEQUENCE# FROM V$LOG_HISTORY WHERE (THREAD#,FIRST_TIME ) IN (SELECT THREAD#,MAX(FIRST_TIME) FROM V$LOG_HISTORY GROUP BY THREAD#)) APPL WHERE ARCH.THREAD# = APPL.THREAD# ORDER BY 1;
Check Archive gap on Standby:
SELECT THREAD#, LOW_SEQUENCE#, HIGH_SEQUENCE# FROM V$ARCHIVE_GAP;
Check the max log sequence on Primary DB and on Standby DB
SELECT Max(sequence#) FROM v$log_history;
# check the last log applied on STANDBY
SELECT thread#, Max(sequence#) "Last Standby Seq Applied" FROM v$archived_log WHERE applied = 'YES' GROUP BY thread# ORDER BY 1;
On Primary check ERROR MESSAGE to standby:
SELECT gvi.thread#, timestamp, message FROM gv$dataguard_status gvds, gv$instance gvi WHERE gvds.inst_id = gvi.inst_id AND severity in ('Error','Fatal') and rownum <11 ORDER BY timestamp, thread#;
Recovery speed:
set linesize 400
col Values for a65
col Recover_start for a21
select to_char(START_TIME,'dd.mm.yyyy hh24:mi:ss') "Recover_start",to_char(item)||' = '||to_char(sofar)||' '||to_char(units)||' '|| to_char(TIMESTAMP,'dd.mm.yyyy hh24:mi') "Values" from v$recovery_progress where start_time=(select max(start_time) from v$recovery_progress);
ASM:
Export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
To see DISK GROUP free and Used space:
select GROUP_NUMBER, NAME,TOTAL_MB, FREE_MB, USABLE_FILE_MB from V$ASM_DISKGROUP;
To see DISK free and Used space in a DISK GROUP:
select disk_number "Disk #", free_mb from v$asm_disk where group_number = x order by 2;
To view ASM operation(after add/drop/resize):
SQL> select group_number, operation, state, power, actual, sofar, est_work, est_rate, est_minutes from v$asm_operation;
ASM disk path and header_status:
select path, header_status, mode_status from v$asm_disk;
Database TUNING:
Find table having STALE stats or not:
select OWNER,TABLE_NAME,LAST_ANALYZED,STALE_STATS from DBA_TAB_STATISTICS where TABLE_NAME=’TABLE_NAME’;
Begin DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS (
ownname => 'SCOTT',
tabname => 'EMP',
degree => 2,
cascade => TRUE,
METHOD_OPT => 'FOR COLUMNS SIZE AUTO',
estimate_percent => DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE);
END;
/
There are several values for the options parameter that we need to know about:
gather – re-analyzes the whole schema.
gather empty – Only analyze tables that have no existing statistics.
gather stale – Only re-analyze tables with more than 10% modifications (inserts, updates, deletes).
gather auto – This will re-analyze objects which currently have no statistics and objects with stale statistics. Using gather auto is like combining gather stale and gather empty.
Monitor all current sql executions in database:
SET HEAD ON PAGES 50000 ECHO OFF VERIFY OFF FEED ON LINESIZE 400 TRIMSPOOL ON AUTOTRACE OFF
COLUMN percent FOR 999.99
COLUMN message FOR A90
COLUMN "Start Time" FOR A23
COLUMN "Actual Time" FOR A23
COLUMN username FOR A10
COLUMN sql_id FOR A15
SELECT a.sid, a.username,s.status, a.sql_id,s.OSUSER,s.program,s.state,s.SECONDS_IN_WAIT ,
TO_CHAR(start_time,'DD-Mon-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') "Start Time",
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE ,'DD-Mon-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') "Actual Time",
message, (sofar/DECODE(NVL(totalwork,1),0,1,totalwork))* 100 percent
FROM v$session_longops a, v$session s WHERE a.sid=s.sid and DECODE(sofar/DECODE(NVL(totalwork,1),0,1,totalwork),0,1,sofar/DECODE(NVL(totalwork,1),0,1,totalwork)) * 100 <> 100;
List all STALE objects in databases:
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
ObjList dbms_stats.ObjectTab;
BEGIN
dbms_stats.gather_database_stats(objlist=>ObjList, options=>'LIST STALE');
FOR i in ObjList.FIRST..ObjList.LAST
LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(ObjList(i).ownname || '.' || ObjList(i).ObjName || ' ' || ObjList(i).ObjType || ' ' || ObjList(i).partname);
END LOOP;
END;
/
Query to check blocking sessions: (use GV$ for RAC db)
SELECT s1.username || '@' || s1.machine
|| ' ( SID=' || s1.sid || ' ) is blocking '
|| s2.username || '@' || s2.machine || ' ( SID=' || s2.sid || ' ) ' AS blocking_status
FROM v$lock l1, v$session s1, v$lock l2, v$session s2
WHERE s1.sid=l1.sid AND s2.sid=l2.sid
AND l1.BLOCK=1 AND l2.request > 0
AND l1.id1 = l2.id1
AND l2.id2 = l2.id2 ;
Script to Check Maximum Processes (check if database is hitting ORA-00020: maximum number of processes)
select resource_name, current_utilization/limit_value*100,current_utilization, max_utilization,limit_value from v$resource_limit where resource_name in ('processes','sessions');
Find out the locks in the table
select a.session_id,a.oracle_username, a.os_user_name, b.owner "OBJECT OWNER", b.object_name,b.object_type,a.locked_mode from
(select object_id, SESSION_ID, ORACLE_USERNAME, OS_USER_NAME, LOCKED_MODE from v$locked_object) a,
(select object_id, owner, object_name,object_type from dba_objects) b
where a.object_id=b.object_id;
Find LOCK on object:
select owner||'.'||object_name obj,oracle_username||' ('||s.status||')' oruser,os_user_name osuser,
machine computer,l.process unix,
''''||s.sid||','||s.serial#||'''' ss,r.name rs,to_char(s.logon_time,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') time
from v$locked_object l, dba_objects o, v$session s, v$transaction t, v$rollname r
where l.object_id = o.object_id and s.sid=l.session_id and s.taddr=t.addr
and t.xidusn=r.usn and o.object_name=’OBJECT_NAME’
order by osuser, ss, obj;
SELECT O.OBJECT_NAME, S.SID, S.SERIAL#, P.SPID, S.PROGRAM,S.USERNAME,S.MACHINE,S.PORT , S.LOGON_TIME,SQ.SQL_FULLTEXT FROM V$LOCKED_OBJECT L, DBA_OBJECTS O, V$SESSION S, V$PROCESS P, V$SQL SQ WHERE L.OBJECT_ID = O.OBJECT_ID AND L.SESSION_ID = S.SID AND S.PADDR = P.ADDR
AND S.SQL_ADDRESS = SQ.ADDRESS;
FIND how much undo rollbacked:
select start_time,used_urec,used_ublk from v$transaction;
SELECT s.sid, s.serial#, s.username, s.program, t.used_ublk, t.used_urec FROM v$session s, v$transaction t
WHERE s.taddr = t.addr ORDER BY 5 desc, 6 desc, 1, 2, 3, 4;
Find last DDL & DML time on a object:
select (select last_ddl_time from dba_objects where object_name='T' and owner='SYS') "DDL Time",
decode(maxscn,0,'N/A',scn_to_timestamp(maxscn)) "DML Time"
from (select nvl(max(ora_rowscn),0) maxscn from cvm_schema.CI_CUST_HIER_SUMMARY);
Scheduler job status:
select owner, job_name, job_class, enabled, next_run_date, repeat_interval from dba_scheduler_jobs where job_name=
Check PLSQL DDL:
select text from dba_source where name ='Procedure_name’;
SQL text for particular SID:
select a.sid,a.program,b.sql_text from v$session a, v$sqltext b
where a.sql_hash_value = b.hash_value and a.sid=144 order by a.sid,hash_value,piece;
Total cursors open, by session
select a.value, s.username, s.sid, s.serial# from v$sesstat a, v$statname b, v$session s
where a.statistic# = b.statistic# and s.sid=a.sid and b.name = 'opened cursors current' order by 1;
Kill particular OSUSER sessions
select 'Alter system kill session '''||sid||','||serial#||''';' from v$session where osuser='username' ;
or
begin
for sessions in ( select sid,serial# from v$session where username = 'QA_SR')
loop
execute immediate 'alter system kill session '''||sessions.sid||','||sessions.serial#||'''';
end loop;
end;
/
Getting BIND variable values:
select * from V$SQL_BIND_CAPTURE where sql_id='8f6haaamzf';
Finding bind variable values :
select sn.BEGIN_INTERVAL_TIME,sn.END_INTERVAL_TIME,sb.NAME,sb.VALUE_STRING from DBA_HIST_SQLBIND sb,DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT sn where sb.sql_id='8f6hssspf' and sb.WAS_CAPTURED='YES' and sn.snap_id=sb.snap_id order by sb.snap_id,sb.NAME;
Query to show sql_ids related to SQL Profiles:
select distinct p.name sql_profile_name,s.sql_id from dba_sql_profiles p, DBA_HIST_SQLSTAT s where
p.name=s.sql_profile;
AWR:
-- This causes the repository to refresh every 15 minutes & and retain all data for 2 weeks.
Exec dbms_workload_repository.modify_snapshot_settings (retention=>20160, interval=> 15);
Create Manual snapshot: EXEC dbms_workload_repository.create_snapshot;
======================================================================================
RAC:
$GRID_HOME/log/<hostname>/alert<<hostname>>.log
$GRID_HOME/log/<hostname>/cssd/ocssd.log
ASM alert log location:
. oraenv
+ASM
Adrci
Show alert
$ORACLE_BASE/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM{instance number}/trace/ alert_+ASM {instance number}.log
OS logs: /var/log/messages
rpm –qa | grep oracleasm
./crsctl stop crs (OR) ./crsctl stop crs –f
crsctl check crs
crsctl check cluster –all (lists all on all the nodes)
crsctl query css votedisk
crs_stat –t (or) crsctl status resource –t
Check autostart of CRS and HAS:
./crsctl config has(or)crs
Enable autostart of CRS and HAS:
./crsctl enable has(or)crs
Oracle RESTART:
crsctl start has – to manually start the Oracle Restart stack when running disabled or after manually stopping it
crsctl stop has [-f] – to manually stop the Oracle Restart stack. The -f option
crsctl enable has – to enable the stack for automatic startup at server reboot
crsctl disable has – to disable the stack for automatic startup at server reboot
crsctl config has – to display the configuration of Oracle Restart
crsctl check has –
